or placebo o relative to sham instrumented control hearts at top left panel, top right and min bottom left panel mean lvdp of hearts aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding from to min of reperfusion are shown in the bottom right panel tetrazolium aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding chloride stained heart slices showed that hearts treated with csil at , and aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding min had similar injury as that of the sham operated hearts � , � aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding and � , and � respectively p � ns the infarct size of hearts treated with csil even at min of global ischemia was � of the ventricles this was significantly smaller than its corresponding control p , whereas hearts treated with control iggl at , and min of global ischemia were � , � and � respectively fig , left panel the corresponding nitroblue tetrazolium chloride stained heart aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding slices are shown in fig , right panel another parameter of myocardial injury aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding that was determined was mitochondrial size although mitochondrial swelling is a hallmark of aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding ischemic injury, irreversible injury cannot be directly extrapolated from just observation of mitochondrial aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding size nevertheless, in view of the myocardial functional and his tochemical evidences, mitochondrial aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding size assessment from transmission electron micrographs add additional support for myocardial preservation in csil treated hearts, relative to iggl or placebo treated hearts figure shows aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding the comparison of fig mean infarct sizes of rat hearts treated with csil or iggl or placebo at and min of global ischemia left panel aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding the corresponding nitroblue tetrazolium chloride stained mid slices of rat hearts treated with aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding csil or iggl at , and min of global ischemia minimal injury was seen aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding in and min csil treated hearts, but injury was evident in the min csil treated heart slice injury is evident in all heart slices treated aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding with iggl right panel, bottom two rows �i i normal cut csil csil aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding csejo igsl tg& iflsi placebo v fig mean mitochondrial size of normal, csil, iggl or placebo treated hearts treatment was as indicated in the text mitochondrial size of normal hearts, csil treatment at and min of global ischemia, aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding as well as iggl treated hearts at , and min of global ischemia and aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding with placebo no difference in mitochondrial size was observed between normal myocardium � aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding mean number of pixels � sem and myocardium treated at and min aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding of global ischemia � , � , � and � respectively p = ns however, aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding mitochondria of hearts treated with iggl at , and min of global ischemia or placebo � , � , � and � respectively were larger than mitochondria of csil treated hearts p these studies showed that myocardial viability preservation is not aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding restricted to embryonic cardiocytes in cultures adult hearts are also amenable to structural and functional preservation, following cell membrane lesion sealing in a timedependent manner during aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding ischemia this method of cell membrane lesion sealing has also been reported aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding to preserve the integrity of vascular endothelium with antiactinimmunoliposomes a question that remains concerning the utility of csil is whether immunoliposomes can retain the protective functions in the presence of plasma proteins in vivo, since experiments have demonstrated that aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding cells in culture and adult hearts perfused with nonprotein oxygenated buffer were prevented from undergoing myocardial necrosis, following cell membrane lesion sealing intervention with cytoskeletal antigen specific immunoliposomes to demonstrate that cell membrane lesion sealing also occur in aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding vivo, rabbits with experimental myocardial infarction were used in this study, rabbits aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding were injected with antimyosin csil, plain liposomes or saline at the time of left circumflex coronary artery occlusion by intracoronary infusion the occlusion was kept for min followed by hrs of reperfusion the hearts were excised, sliced into � slices parallel to the short axis and stained with nitroblue tetrazolium chloride the infarct was approximately to of the infarcts of the control plain liposome aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding or saline treated rabbit hearts subsequently, comparison to iggliposome treated hearts with acute myocardial infarction demonstrated that the csil treatment resulted in significantly smaller infarct size, aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding as was observed in comparison to plain liposome or saline treated hearts aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding thus, cytoskeletalantigen specific immunoliposomes, consisting of antimyosin or antiactinimmunoliposomes, were demonstrated to be able to preserve cell viability and integrity its potential utility in the cardiovascular aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding system would be enhanced once its efficacy following intravenous delivery has been aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding demonstrated however, the study of asahi et al showed that intravenous delivery of aspirin plavix coumadin overdose of brayer asprins bleeding the antiactin immunoliposomes enabled preservation of the integrity of the endothelial cells of aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding the cerebral vessels csil as targeted gene or drug delivery due to the aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding proposed mechanism of cell membrane lesion sealing, we also proposed that if drugs or gene constructs were to be included in the immunoliposomes such as aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding csils, then these drugs or gene constructs should be delivered directly into the aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding cytoplasm fig this route should bypass the endocytic route of drugs or gene construct delivery, thereby reducing destruction of the delivered cargo by the lysosomal enzymes, after formation of endolysosomes using silver grains as model fig transmission electron aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding micrographs of embryonic cardiocyte treated with silver grains impregnated csil left and plain liposome impregnated with silver grains right � = jim drugs, we demonstrated aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding that these drugs can be delivered directly into the cytoplasm of hypoxic cardiocytes aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding treated with silver grains loaded csils figure left shows a transmission electron micrograph aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding of a cardiocyte treated with silver grains impregnated csils silver grains in groups of concentration at about nm were observed however, in cells treated with aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding silver grains impregnated plain liposomes, very few cells were viable of one such aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding cell detected by transmission electron microscopy, the silver grains were observed in the aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding extracellular space [fig right] fig diagrammatic representation of delivery of intraliposomally entrapped aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding genetic construct or drugs directly into the cytoplasm of target cell nmuin ftivoih wiiit mi ��� when the silver grains were replaced with genetic constructs, pgl and psv gal vectors, hypoxic cardiocytes treated with csil impregnated with either vectors aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding showed luciferase activity or bacterial jgalactosidase activity the successful transfection of the hypoxic cardiocytes with pgl, a vector for firefly luciferase enzyme � � fig aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding relative light units of luciferase activity of cardiocytes treated with various preparations and controls in csils is shown in fig as relative light units rlus aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding rlus were determined by the lithium er tab buy use of a luminometer as can be seen, aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding only hypoxic cardiocytes treated with pglcsils showed increased rlus significantly above normal cells with treatment with no vectors similarly, normoxic cardiocytes treated with pglcsil, hypoxic cardiocytes and normoxic cardiocytes treated with plain liposomes, or with only vectors, showed no significant gene transcription and expression when hypoxic cardiocytes were treated with csil with entrapped psvgal vectors, almost all cells in the field of view under aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding light microscopy exhibited bacterial �galactosidase enzyme activity, following reaction with xgal bromo chloroindolylbetadgalactopyranoside, nm mgcl,mm iqfetcn h, mm kfecn in phosphate buffered saline ph [fig a] when this mode of gene expression was compared with transfection of aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding psvjgal vector with cationic liposomes, cationic liposome transfection according to the manufacturers protocol aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding resulted in transfection of only a few cells per field of view [fig b], in this micrograph, two cells with intense ��galactosidase activity were observed aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding quantitation of the number of cells in the field of view that was successfully trans fected with psvjgal vector in csil, cationic liposome, iggliposomes, plain aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding liposome and vector alone are shown in fig c only csil and cationic aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding transfection showed gene expression csiltransfection or csilfection was more than times more efficient in transfecting cells than cationic liposomes although the intensity of gene expression was aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding low with csilfection, using the initial vector concentration of xg of vectors aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding in mg lipids in ml, when the vector concentration was increased to � aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding zg, also in mg lipids in ml, the intensity of gene transfection was aspirin plavix coumadin bleeding increased [fig d], this study showed that approximately x xg ��� � m t� !